Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida
Abstract
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that become opportunistic pathogens in certain populations. NTM prevalence has increased globally, likely due to increased diagnostic testing and the availability of population-based studies. Current literature on oncology patients is minimal and represents a unique study area. Here we present the epidemiology and treatment of NTM infection cases at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center.
Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of adults with microbiologically proven NTM infections presenting from 2020 to 2023. Epidemiologic and treatment-related data were retrieved from the electronic medical record and evaluated to illustrate institutional patterns.
Results: A total of 93 patients met assessment criteria, with most (74 of 93 [80%]) having a past or active cancer. Mycobacterium avium complex (47 of 93 [51%]) and Mycobacterium abscessus group (28 of 93 [30%]) were the most common isolates. The majority were pulmonary infections (75 of 93 [81%]), with the integument accounting for most extrapulmonary sites (14 of 18 [78%]). Of 93 patients, 49 (53%]) received therapy, with many (41 of 49 [84%]) receiving ≥3 agents. Thirty-nine (80%]) required an initial regimen modification, and 13 (27%) received dual β-lactam therapy (frequently including meropenem). Of treated patients, 36 (73%) demonstrated improved symptoms, 18 (37%) improved or partially improved…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 93 participants or records.
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