Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile in South Gujarat, India: Preliminary regional surveillance study
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Data on Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance in South Gujarat, India, are limited. This study investigated pneumococcal serotypes, antibiotic resistance patterns, and their associations with age and theoretical vaccine coverage.
METHODOLOGY: Among 550 processed clinical specimens, 27 (4.9%) yielded S. pneumoniae. Isolates were identified using VITEK 2 Compact, confirmed by conventional methods, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and serotyped. Age-wise serotype distribution and theoretical vaccine coverage were also analyzed.
RESULTS: High resistance was observed for erythromycin (89%), followed by tetracycline (67%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (59%), and clindamycin (48%). Lower resistance rates were observed for benzylpenicillin (22%), cefotaxime (22%), ceftriaxone (19%), levofloxacin (7%), and moxifloxacin (4%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, and linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 67% of the pneumococcal isolates. MDR prevalence was highest (100%) among patients aged 45-65 years, whereas a lower MDR prevalence (40%) was observed among children aged 5-15 years. The S. pneumoniae 19F serotype was identified as the most predominant MDR serotype (26%), followed by serotypes 1 (11%), 3/9V/14/22F (7%), and 5/6A/6C/7B/10A/18C/19A/23B/24B (4%). The theoretical coverage rates of PCV7, PCV10, PCV13, Pneumosil, and PPSV23 were 44%, 59%, 74%, 63%, and…
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