Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and predictors of peripheral arterial disease in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
BackgroundPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, but is frequently underdiagnosed. The risk factors for PAD are well known within the general population, but they differ somewhat in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAD and its risk factors in patients on hemodialysis.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 156 hemodialysis patients. Comorbidities and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Following clinical examinations, the ankle-brachial index was measured in all patients. PAD was diagnosed based on the clinical findings, ankle-brachial index < 0.9, and PAD symptoms.ResultsPAD was present in 55 of 156 (35.3%; 95% CI, 27.7–42.8%) patients. The patients with PAD were significantly older (67 ± 10 years vs. 62 ± 11 years, p = 0.014), more likely to have diabetes mellitus (p = 0.022), and anemia (p = 0.042), and had significantly lower serum albumin (p = 0.005), total cholesterol (p = 0.024), and iron (p = 0.004) levels, higher glucose (p = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) levels, and lower dialysis adequacies (p = 0.040) than the patients without PAD. Multivariate analysis showed higher C-reactive protein level (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.06; p = 0.030), vascular access by Hickman catheter (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.03–21.0; p = 0.045), and symptoms of PAD (OR, 5.20; 95% CI, 2.60–10.4; p < 0.001) as independent factors associated with PAD in…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 156 participants or records.
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