Advances in non-invasive brain stimulation for borderline personality disorder: clinical targets and future directions – an updated narrative review
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) remains a major therapeutic challenge, given incomplete response to first-line psychotherapies and limited treatment accessibility. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS), particularly repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), has emerged as promising interventions. Methods This narrative review provides an updated overview of recent evidence on NIBS in BPD, focusing on: new tDCS studies, NIBS to improve interpersonal dysfunction and social cognition, the combination between NIBS and psychotherapies, and the role of comorbid BPD as a moderating factor on NIBS outcomes. Results Preliminary evidence supports a symptom-oriented application of NIBS in BPD: right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation appears mainly associated with improvements in impulsivity, whereas left DLPFC stimulation improves emotion regulation and cold cognitive functioning. Emerging studies targeting the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex suggest beneficial effects on rejection-related emotional responses and interpersonal sensitivity. Studies combining NIBS with psychotherapy show acceptable feasibility profiles, although additive effects remain uncertain. Available evidence also suggests that comorbid BPD may not substantially impair antidepressant response to NIBS. Conclusions NIBS represents a promising adjunctive intervention for BPD. However, larger sham-controlled…
Read the paper
Related studies
- The neurocircuitry of addiction: an overview
- Gender Differences in Human Brain: A Review
- Stratified medicine for mental disorders
- The neurobiology of drug addiction: cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex
- Annual Research Review: DNA methylation as a mediator in the association between risk exposure and child and adolescent psychopathology
- Schizophrenia: The new etiological synthesis
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.