Barriers to Accessing Physical Activity in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—A Case Study
Abstract
This case study explores the factors that influence physical activity (PA) participation in an athlete with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It outlines the interplay between ADHD symptoms and one’s involvement in sports. ADHD has a worldwide prevalence of 5.29% in children and 2.5% in adults. While individuals with ADHD typically have more energy and impulsivity, which are helpful factors for performance in sports, research also reports that the symptoms of lack of focus and concentration, oppositional behavior, lowered self-esteem, and emotional dysregulation found in ADHD may impair their athletic performance. This case study is based on a 23-year-old female footballer ("Z") diagnosed with ADHD, who participated in both group psychology sessions with her club and attended individual therapy sessions with her psychiatrist. The group sessions approach applied the model of shared identity leadership together; the individual sessions focused on attentional focus, the challenge versus treat approach for performance under pressure, rational emotive behavior therapy skills to address irrational beliefs and improve self-efficacy, and medication management. The results suggested that PA had a positive impact on the footballer’s emotional regulation and social connection with teammates. However, her ADHD symptoms also led to certain challenges in her interpersonal relationships with her coach and teammates and barriers, which affected her performance during…
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