Metabolic and Lipoprotein Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Empagliflozin
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the metabolic effects of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: In an observational cohort study, 42 patients received empagliflozin for 1 month, with serum and urine analyzed for IL-6, NT-proBNP, iron metabolism markers, and electrolytes. Another group was treated for 3 months, assessing lipoprotein and glycoprotein profiles, IL-6, and NT-proBNP. Results: Empagliflozin increased serum magnesium (mean difference = 0.26 ± 0.38 mg/dL, p < 0.0001), hemoglobin (mean difference = 0.45 ± 0.78 g/dL, p = 0.0005), and hematocrit (mean difference = 1.74 ± 2.08%, p < 0.0001), while decreasing ferritin (mean difference = −29.23 ± 51.97 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (mean difference = −3.65 ± 7.22%). NT-proBNP and IL-6 levels trended lower (non-significant). Lipoprotein profiling showed a neutral effect. Conclusions: Empagliflozin positively affected serum magnesium, iron metabolism, and inflammatory markers without altering lipoprotein profiles. Further research is needed to elucidate SGLT2i’s molecular mechanisms underlying their pleiotropic–cardioprotective effects.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 42 participants or records.
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