Cardiovascular Outcomes With the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a new class of hypoglycemic agents that have shown significant promise in the reduction of cardiovascular events. Current guideline recommendations do not support the use of these agents in patients with CKD stage 3 or higher. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate their cardiovascular effects in patients with type 2 DM and CKD stage 3 or higher. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane central, and Embase. Software R was utilized to perform a meta-analysis via the generic inverse variance method. Additionally, we conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the relative efficacy and safety of each agent. Data from 7 randomized controlled trials and 6527 participants were available. In patients with type 2 DM and CKD, SGLT-2 inhibitor use resulted in a significant relative risk reduction of myocardial infarction (22%), heart failure hospitalization (39%), and major adverse cardiac events (20%) (all P-value < 0.05). There was also a trend towards a reduction in stroke and cardiovascular mortality. In a network meta-analysis, canagliflozin was the most effective in reducing myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure hospitalization. Empagliflozin performed better for the outcome of cardiovascular mortality, but the results failed to reach significance. In…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 6,527 participants or records.
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