Increased levels of Dickkopf-1 are indicative of Wnt/β-catenin downregulation and lower osteoblast signaling in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, contributing to lower bone mineral density
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Higher levels of Dickkopf-1, which is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin bone metabolic pathway, could be indicative of downregulated Wnt system, with possible lower osteoblast activation and higher osteoclast signaling in type 1 diabetes mellitus children and adolescents. Dickkopf-1 could significantly contribute to diabetes osteopathy.
INTRODUCTION: Increased fracture risk and elevated Dickkopf-1 levels, which is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin bone metabolic pathway, have been documented in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), while no relevant data exist on childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our aim was to study plasma Dickkopf-1 distribution in children and adolescents with T1D and to correlate Dickkopf-1 with metabolic bone markers and bone mineral density (BMD).
METHODS: We evaluated 40 children and adolescents with T1D (mean ± SD age 13.04 ± 3.53 years, T1D duration 5.15 ± 3.33 years) and 40 healthy age-matched and gender-matched controls (age 12.99 ± 3.3 years). Dickkopf-1 and bone metabolic markers were measured, while total body and lumbar spine BMD were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
RESULTS: Dickkopf-1 demonstrated a Gaussian distribution, with higher levels in T1D patients (13.56 ± 5.34 vs 11.35 ± 3.76 pmol/L, p = 0.024). Higher values were found in boys and in prepubertal children. Dickkopf-1 correlated positively with osteoprotegerin and fasting glucose in patients, while positive correlation with sclerostin and total…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 40 participants or records.
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