"Clinicopathological spectrum and survival outcomes in jaw osteosarcomas: a retrospective case series from an Indian tertiary centre".
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Jaw osteosarcoma (JOS) is a rare and biologically distinct variant of osteogenic sarcoma, characterized by unpredictable clinical behavior and significant diagnostic challenges. Due to its rarity, comprehensive data on Indian cohorts remain scarce.
METHODS: This case series analyzes 19 histologically confirmed JOS cases diagnosed over a 15-year period (2011-2025). Detailed clinicopathological, radiographic, and treatment parameters were evaluated. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank testing.
RESULTS: The cohort showed a mean age of 33.5 years (median: 24 years), with 57.9% (11/19) under 30 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1. Mandibular involvement was more frequent (57.9% 11/19), and osteoblastic subtype predominated histologically (52.6%, 10/19). Surgical intervention was associated with improved overall survival (p = 0.01). Younger age at diagnosis (<30 years), smaller tumor size, and osteoblastic histological subtype were also associated with favorable survival outcomes. The overall mortality rate was 52.9% (9/17).
CONCLUSION: This study represents one of the largest single-institution Indian series of JOS and highlights factors associated with overall survival. Early surgical intervention showed the strongest association with improved survival, while combined treatment approaches did not demonstrate independent benefit on multivariate analysis. Larger studies are required for validation.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case series, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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