Empagliflozin Prevent High-Glucose Stimulation Inducing Apoptosis and Mitochondria Fragmentation in H9C2 Cells through the Calcium-Dependent Activation Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway
Abstract
A previous study showed that high-glucose (HG) conditions induce mitochondria fragmentation through the calcium-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in H9C2 cells. This study tested whether empagliflozin could prevent HG-induced mitochondria fragmentation through this pathway. We found that exposing H9C2 cells to an HG concentration decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis and caspase-3. Empagliflozin could reverse the apoptosis effect of HG stimulation on H9C2 cells. In addition, the HG condition caused mitochondria fragmentation, which was reduced by empagliflozin. The expression of mitochondria fission protein was upregulated, and fusion proteins were downregulated under HG stimulation. The expression of fission proteins was decreased under empagliflozin treatment. Increased calcium accumulation was observed under the HG condition, which was decreased by empagliflozin. The increased expression of ERK 1/2 under HG stimulation was also reversed by empagliflozin. Our study shows that empagliflozin could reverse the HG condition, causing a calcium-dependent activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway, which caused mitochondria fragmentation in H9C2 cells.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Strategy for Mitigating DKA Risk in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Adjunctive Treatment with SGLT Inhibitors: A STICH Protocol
- Glucoraphanin: a broccoli sprout extract that ameliorates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
- SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Targeted Metabolomics and Energetic Metabolism
- Mechanisms of blood pressure reduction with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors: beyond glycaemic control
- Decoding the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac arrhythmias in heart failure
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.