Capacity of octacalcium phosphate to promote osteoblastic differentiation toward osteocytes in vitro
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been shown to act as a nucleus for initial bone deposition and enhancing the early stages of osteoblastic differentiation. However, the effect on differentiation at the late stage into osteocytes has not been elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate whether OCP can promote the differentiation lineage from osteoblasts to late osteocytes using a clonal cell line IDG-SW3 compared to commercially available sintered β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) in a transwell cell culture. Special attention was paid to detect the progress of OCP hydrolysis associated with ionic dissolution products from this material. OCP induced the appearance of an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) peak in the IDG-SW3 cells compared to β-TCP and HA and increased SOST/sclerostin and FGF23 gene expression after 35 days of incubation. Analyses by X-ray diffraction, curve fitting of Fourier transform infrared spectra, and acid phosphate inclusion of the materials showed that OCP tended to hydrolyze to an apatitic structure during the incubation. Since the hydrolysis enhanced inorganic phosphate ion (Pi) release from OCP in the media, IDG-SW3 cells were further incubated in the conditioned media with an increased concentration of Pi in the presence or absence of phosphonoformic acid (PFA), which is an inhibitor of Pi transport within the cells. An increase in Pi concentration up to 1.5 mM raised ALP activity, while its positive effect…
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