Effects of empagliflozin on salt-sensitive hypertension and renal inflammation in RAT
Abstract
Objective: Renal inflammation may have a role in salt-sensitive hypertension. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were reported to exert blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus, whether they have a role in non-diabetic kidney diseases is not clear. This study was undertaken to investigate whether salt-sensitive hypertension and its accompanying renal inflammation are ameliorated by SGLT2 inhibition. Design and method: The animal model of salt-sensitive hypertension was established by salt loading in uninephrectomized rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham controls (SC, n = 4), uninephrectomized controls (UC, n = 4), and empagliflozin-treated rats (ET, n = 5). All rats were fed a rodent diet with 8% NaCl throughout the study period. Empagliflozin (20 mg/kg/d) was orally administered for 3 weeks after uninephrectomized rats were stabilized over 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressures (SBPs) were weekly measured, and kidneys were harvested for qPCR at the end of animal experiment. Results: At baseline, SBPs were 122 ± 4, 127 ± 1, and 125 ± 3 mmHg in SC, UC, and ET, respectively. At the end of animal experiment, SBP in UC was higher than that in SC (167 ± 4 vs. 137 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.01). However, ET had a lower SBP (146 ± 3 mmHg) compared with UC (P < 0.05). As expected, urinary glucose excretion was remarkable in ET (2.61 ± 0.59 mmol/d/100 g BW versus 0 in controls). Whereas natriuresis was not different between…
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