Predicting Cell Differentiation in Mechanically Stimulated Biphasic Osteochondral Scaffolds Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Modelling
Abstract
Osteochondral defects, involving both articular cartilage and subchondral bone, can lead to joint degeneration and osteoarthritis. Recent advances in 3D-printed biphasic scaffolds offer promising opportunities to recreate physiological microenvironments for tissue regeneration. In tissue engineering, these scaffolds can be mechanically stimulated to promote targeted cartilage and bone formation. While computational models have been widely used to study mechanically induced cellular responses in monophasic scaffolds, time-dependent modelling of biphasic osteochondral systems remains relatively scarce. In this study, a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) framework coupled with a mechanoregulatory algorithm was developed to predict mechanically induced early-stage mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation in biphasic open-porous osteochondral scaffolds comprising chondral and bone layers designed for direct ink writing (DIW). In a second model, an interfacial barrier layer representing the native osteochondral interface was integrated. Dynamic compressive loading (1 Hz, 2.5% strain) was applied. The simulations predicted region-specific differentiation patterns in both the chondral and subchondral bone regions. In the scaffold without a barrier layer, approximately 68.9% of MSCs in the chondral layer and 93.4% of MSCs in the bone layer underwent chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Incorporation of the barrier layer caused only minor changes, reducing…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Irisin Enhances Osteoblast DifferentiationIn Vitro
- Glucocorticoids suppress Wnt16 expression in osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo
- Interaction between Schwann Cells and Osteoblasts In Vitro
- Administration of cinnamaldehyde promotes osteogenesis in ovariectomized rats and differentiation of osteoblast in vitro
- The Effect of the Major Components of Fructus Cnidii on Osteoblasts In Vitro
- Estrogen depletion alters osteogenic differentiation and matrix production by osteoblasts in vitro
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.