Baseline Gonadotropin Levels and Testosterone Response in Hypogonadal Men Treated With Clomiphene Citrate
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of baseline gonadotropins in predicting the biochemical response to clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of data from hypogonadal men treated with CC in 2 high-volume fertility centers between 2013 and 2018. Patient age, body mass index, and baseline hormones (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], and total testosterone [TT]) were obtained. Response to treatment was measured as changes in TT levels within 6 months of initiating CC treatment. Linear regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, and time on CC therapy were fitted to assess the associations between baseline LH and FSH levels with treatment response.
RESULTS: A total of 332 men with mean ± standard deviation age of 36.2 ± 8.2 years were included. Median time to initial follow-up was 6 weeks (25th-75th interquartile range [IQR]: 4-9 weeks). TT levels increased significantly on CC treatment (mean change: 329.2 ng/dL, 95% CI: 307.4-351.0) with 73% of men having at least 200 ng/dL increase over baseline TT levels. In univariable linear regression models, only age was significantly associated with TT response. Neither the baseline LH nor FSH significantly predicted TT response in linear regression models.
CONCLUSION: CC treatment results in significant increases in testosterone levels in most men. Baseline gonadotropins are not strong predictors for treatment response to CC. Adequate biochemical response with…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 332 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Induced osteoblast differentiation by amide derivatives of stilbene: The possible osteogenic agents
- On model selections for repeated measurement data in clinical studies
- Regulation of GLUT transporters by flavonoids in androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer cells
- Region-specific microRNA signatures in the human epididymis
- Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of 4-Amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ABO) analogs containing the piperazine moiety
- In Vitro characterization of the endocrine disrupting effects of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on the human androgen receptor
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.