Associations of Handgrip Strength and Testosterone With Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity and Microstructural Injury
Abstract
BACKGROUND: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is one of the key imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and white matter microstructural injury may occur earlier than WMH. However, the associations of handgrip strength (HGS) and serum total testosterone (STT) with WMH and microstructural injury have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations of HGS and STT with WMH and microstructural injury, measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), and isotropic volume fraction (ISOVF).
METHODS: A total of 34 832 participants from the UK Biobank (aged 64.15 ± 7.75 years, 50.9% male) were included in the study. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using three linear regression models to assess the relationships between HGS, STT and neuroimaging outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the linear regression results. Longitudinal, mediation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to explore the longitudinal impact of HGS on WMH, the mediating effects of STT between HGS and neuroimaging outcomes, and probable causal relationships between HGS, STT and WMH.
RESULTS: A greater HGS was linearly associated with a smaller WMH volume (β = -0.006642, p < 0.001) and fuller microstructure (p < 0.001). These relationships persisted when stratified by sex or age decade and were supported by the results of the longitudinal analysis (β =…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 34 participants or records.
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