Patterns of Bone Mineral Accretion and Sex Differences in Healthy Term Vitamin D Replete and Breastfed Infants From Montreal, Canada: Bone Mass Reference Data
Abstract
Infancy is a period of rapid bone growth and mineral accretion; nonetheless, reference data remain scarce for this age group. The purpose of this report is to generate reference data for bone mass in breastfed vitamin D replete infants and investigate patterns of bone mineral accretion and sex differences. This is a secondary analysis from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (NCT00381914). Healthy term breastfed (exclusively or mixed) infants were randomized to different doses of oral vitamin D supplementation (400-1600 IU/d) and followed prospectively from 1 to 12 mo. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (LC-MS/MS), bone mineral content (BMC; whole body (WB) and lumbar spine (LS)) and bone mineral density (BMD; LS) were measured at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Discovery 4500A) with no effect of supplementation on bone outcomes. For the purpose of this analysis, 63 infants with adequate plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L at baseline, were included. Differences over time and between sexes were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. Infants (31 males, 32 females) were 39.5 ± 1.1 wk gestational age at birth and appropriate for gestational age. WB BMC, LS BMC, and LS BMD increased by 143.2%, 116.8%, and 31.1% respectively across infancy. WB BMC was higher (4.2% - 9.4%; p = 0.03) in males than in females across the study. After adjusting WB BMC for weight, length or head BMC, sex differences were not evident. LS BMC and LS BMD…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 63 participants or records.
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