Bone Mass Effects of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy in Transgender People: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Abstract Context The impact of long-term cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) in transgender men and women is still uncertain. Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis and update the evidence regarding the effects of CSHT on bone mineral density (BMD) in transgender men and women. Data Sources Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were searched for studies published until August 2018. Study Selection Of 10,849 studies, 19 were selected for systematic review. All included patients were aged >16 years and received CSHT with BMD assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data Extraction Data on BMD, CSHT, and clinical factors affecting bone mass were collected. A National Institutes of Health scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Data Synthesis Nineteen studies were meta-analyzed (487 trans men and 812 trans women). In trans men, mean BMD difference compared with natal women was not significant in any site in either cross-sectional or before-after studies. In trans women, mean BMD difference was not significant compared with natal men at the femoral neck, total femur, and lumbar spine in cross-sectional studies; before-after studies reported a slight but significant increase in lumbar spine BMD after 12 and ≥24 months of treatment. Conclusions Long-term CSHT had a neutral effect on BMD in transgender men. In transgender women, only lumbar spine BMD seemed to be affected after CSHT. This evidence is of low to…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 812 participants or records.
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