Managing and maintaining bone mineral density in diabetes patients with pharmacotherapy
Abstract
The population of patients with osteoporosis and diabetes is increasing as the aging population increases. Loss of bone mineral density occurs in patients with diabetes, but is not always a priority in the practice setting. The aim of this review is to discuss clinical considerations when managing osteoporosis in patients with diabetes. Areas covered: The pathophysiology of decreased bone mineral density in patients with diabetes is discussed. Additionally, diabetic risk factors for fracture, such as hypoglycemia, the National Osteoporosis Foundation recommendations for osteoporosis, and secondary causes of osteoporosis, including disease and medication related causes, are discussed. Furthermore, recommendations for antihyperglycemic agents, thiazolidinediones, canagliflozin, insulin, metformin, and sitagliptin are discussed due to their effects on bone mineral density. Expert opinion: Even though diabetes is an important risk factor for osteoporosis, assessing bone health in diabetic patients is often overlooked. Ensuring adequate prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis is vitally important with our diabetic patients as the population ages. T-scores and FRAX scores likely underrepresent a diabetic patients risk for fracture, and this should be taken into consideration in treatment decisions. Future studies are needed to determine optimal pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia in this population.
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