The effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles embedded in a MMP-sensitive photoclickable PEG hydrogel on encapsulated MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of introducing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel containing cell adhesion peptides of RGD for bone tissue engineering. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were encapsulated in the biomimetic PEG hydrogel, which was formed from the photoclick thiol-norbornene reaction system, cultured for up to 28 d in growth medium or osteogenic differentiation medium, and evaluated by cellular morphology and differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone-like extracellular matrix deposition for mineral and collagen. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were incorporated during hydrogel formation and cell encapsulation at 0%, 0.1% or 1% (w/w). Incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles did not affect the hydrogel properties as measured by compressive modulus and equilibrium swelling. In growth medium, encapsulated MC3T3-E1 cells remained largely round regardless of hydroxyapatite concentration. ALP activity increased by 25% at day 14 and total collagen content increased by 55% at day 28 with increasing hydroxyapatite concentration from 0% to 1%. In differentiation medium, cell spreading was evident regardless of hydroxyapatite indicating that the MC3T3-E1 cells were able to degrade the hydrogel. For the 1% hydroxyapatite condition, ALP activity was 27% higher at day 14 and total collagen content was 22% higher at day 28 in differentiation medium when compared to growth medium.…
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