Empagliflozin Pharmacotherapy: An Updated Overview
Abstract
It has been estimated that by 2030, the number of patients with diabetes is expected to rise to 552 million. Moreover, an estimated 20 million new
cancer cases were reported in 2022, and 64 million people worldwide are currently suffering from heart failure. Recently, there has been an
increasing interest regarding the prescription of a drug that was approved for use in May, 2014, which is called empagliflozin. Up to now, limited
data is available on the efficacy, safety, and side effects of empagliflozin against a variety of diseases, including diabetes, heart failure, and cancer.
Therefore, this study aimed to gather relevant data on empagliflozin by searching electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed,
and Cochrane Library, through October 9th, 2024. One hundred forty-four relevant studies, including review articles, clinical trials, and case
reports, were assessed. It was found that orally, once daily use of empagliflozin, in addition to the glucose-lowering effect, suppresses
inflammation and improves diastolic function. Empagliflozin inhibits breast cancer stemness by inactivating transcription factors and enzyme
pyruvate kinase M2 via enhanced miR-128-3p expression. By inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter, the drug has a well-known safety and
efficacy in patients with breast cancer, type 1 or 2 diabetes, acute septic renal injury, renal disease, and heart failure. Regarding efficacy,
empagliflozin acts as an angiotensin-converting enzyme…
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