Lower-Cost Nonsurgical Primary Prevention Strategies for Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review
Abstract
Background: A systematic mapping of nonsurgical, lower-cost primary prevention strategies for women at high risk of breast cancer remains limited.
Objective: To identify and summarize lower-cost (i.e., lower economic cost relative to surgical and pharmaceutical alternatives; not dependent on expensive equipment, patented drugs, or complex medical procedures; implementable through community, family, or self-management models), nonsurgical primary prevention strategies for women at high risk of breast cancer, providing empirical evidence to inform clinical practice, health education, and public health policy.
Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and the Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, we systematically searched 9 Chinese and English databases. Search terms covered "breast cancer," "high-risk women," "primary prevention," and various nonsurgical strategies. Two independent reviewers performed literature screening and data extraction.
Results: Seventeen studies were included, and six prevention strategy categories were identified: nutritional dietary interventions, physical activity interventions, comprehensive lifestyle interventions, chemoprevention, digital health interventions, and health education with self-management. Comprehensive lifestyle intervention emerged as the core strategy with robust evidence and manageable costs. Nutritional interventions have shifted from single nutrients to overall dietary…
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