Noncalcemic adverse effects and withdrawals in randomized controlled trials of long-term vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
CONTEXT: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide evidence for a possible beneficial impact of vitamin D supplementation on health outcomes beyond bone health, but there are few reviews of noncalcemic adverse effects from long-term supplementation.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this systematic review of vitamin D supplementation in RCTs were as follows: to determine whether all adverse effects, when combined, are reported equally between treatment arms; to identify the most common noncalcemic adverse effects reported; and to ascertain whether withdrawal rates, as a marker of clinical adverse effects, differ between treatment arms.
DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically up to May 2016.
STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials that met the following criteria were selected: administered vitamin D2 or D3 supplements for a minimum supplementation or follow-up period of 24 weeks, had a placebo/control group, and were conducted among adults (≥ 18 y).
DATA EXTRACTION: Two researchers independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and carried out quality assessment of selected studies. A total of 128 studies with 52 297 participants were identified. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios in a meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Long-term vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation, compared with placebo, did not increase all adverse effects, when combined, as reported in 62 studies with 19 389…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 9,189 participants or records.
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