Establishing normative data on scapulothoracic musculature using handheld dynamometry
Abstract
CONTEXT: Scapular strength deficits have been linked to shoulder dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE: To establish normative data on the scapulothoracic musculature in normal subjects using a handheld dynamometer.
DESIGN: Descriptive normative data study.
SETTING: Field research.
SUBJECTS: 172 subjects with varying levels of overhead activity.
METHODS: A handheld dynamometer was used to test the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; rhomboids; and serratus anterior.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A 2-factor ANOVA was performed for each of the muscles by activity level and unilateral ratio by activity-level analyses. Post hoc analysis included multiple pairwise comparisons, using the Dunn-Bonferroni correction method.
RESULTS: Activity level did not significantly affect the unilateral ratios: Elevation:depression was 2.5:1, upward:downward rotation was 1.5:1, and protraction:retraction was 1.25:1. A rank order from strongest to weakest was established through significant comparisons.
CONCLUSION: The unilateral ratios along with the rank order should be considered when discussing scapular rehabilitation protocols.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 172 participants or records.
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