Empagliflozin enhances cisplatin activity in chemo-resistant EJ138 bladder cancer cells: The importance of anti-diabetic medications in cancer treatment
Abstract
Abstract Background Anti-diabetic medications has been found to reduce chemotherapy resistance. This study sought to investigate the role of Empagliflozin (Empa) as an anti-diabetic medication in reversing Cisplatin (Cis) resistance in EJ138 bladder cancer (BC) cells. Materials and Methods The EJ138 cell line was cultured and divided into four groups: control, Cis-treated, Empa-treated, and Cis + Empa-treated groups. The effects of Cis and/or Empa on cell viability were determined using the MTT technique. The level of ROS produced by cells was evaluated using the green fluorescent dye dichloro-dihydro fluorescein (DCF). The expression of proteins involved in glucose transport, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, and invasion was evaluated by Western blotting. The Data were analyzed using GraphPad prism software and a One-way ANOVA test. All experiments were repeated three times. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM. The significant difference between groups was calculated based on P
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