Bone adaptation and response to mechanical stress in bone
Abstract
To review the progresses in the research of bone adaptation and its mechanisms. The Wolff's law represented early theory of bone adaptation, but the Frost's mechanostat theory developed in 1960s might be the more appropriate theory. Several studies showed that the bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells are the mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue. Forces acting on the bone cells include compressive-tensile stress and shear stress. The shear stress is the main force which can be sensed by the bone cells. The effect of shear stress on bone cells is closely related to the basic structure of the bone, i.e., osteon. The main responses of bone cells to stress are changes of secretion of prostaglandins and nitric oxide.
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