Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
Abstract
Abstract Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially developed as a novel therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, several SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated favourable effects on cardiovascular and kidney events, as well as attenuation in hospitalization for heart failure (HF), in patients with T2DM, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin proved effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization, regardless of T2DM status or background therapy. Sotagliflozin reduced HF events and cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2DM and recent hospitalization for worsening HF. In patients with HF and preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, with or without T2DM, empagliflozin provided a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization. The present chapter summarizes the mechanisms of cardiovascular protection with SGLT2 inhibitors and provides an overview of their role as cardiovascular medications essential for the prevention and treatment of HF.
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