The Impact of the Ovine Annular Lesion Model on IVD Pathobiology and Utility of the Ovine Spinal Model in Patho-Anatomical Studies: A Historical Perspective
Abstract
This review documents the impact of the Osti ovine annular lesion model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration on the elucidation of degenerative changes in the ovine IVD also seen in human IVD degeneration (IVDD). The degenerative pathology knowledge base generated by the ovine model over the last 35 years has provided invaluable insights into degenerative events occurring in the human IVD. Changes in para-discal structures as a consequence of IVDD, in vertebral bone adjacent to the lesion site, cartilaginous endplates and spinal motion segment facet joints, and in the longitudinal ligaments and paraspinal muscles also affect spinal stability and flexibility. All of these spinal structures are richly innervated, and disturbance of their normal architecture due to IVDD also contributes to the generation of low back pain. Like human IVDD, when the ovine IVD is mechanically destabilized by the introduction of a controlled annular lesion, release of proteases is elevated, degradation of structural ECM components occurs, leading to IVDD and biomechanical impairment. When space-filling aggrecan is degraded in the IVD, a drop in internal hydrostatic pressure occurs, and the IVD becomes susceptible to an ingrowth of blood vessels and mechanosensitive nociceptors resulting in enhanced generation of low back pain by the biomechanically incompetent IVD. The ovine model is thus very useful to evaluate compounds or procedures that slow IVDD and, in some cases, promote regenerative…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a review, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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