Arjunolic Acid From Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev (Combretaceae) Possesses Anti-Breast Cancer Effects In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a major public health issue. In 2022, approximately 4,207 new cases and 2,285 deaths were reported in Cameroon. Given the limited accessibility and various issues associated with conventional treatments, herbal medicine has emerged as a promising alternative.
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of naturally occurring compounds isolated from Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev.
Methods and results: This was done by fractionating the methanolic extract of T. ivorensis and purifying the constituents obtained using conventional chromatographic techniques. Thereafter, the crude extract and its 5 isolates were subjected to in vitro MTT bioassay to assess their potential to kill human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the potential of the most active compound (arjunolic acid) to mitigate DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats was tested. Treatments were administered for a period of 121 days; the group of rats treated with arjunolic acid (1 mg/kg) was compared to the group that received tamoxifen at 3.3 mg/kg (standard), as well as to the normal and negative control groups. Key parameters assessed included survival, tumor burden, cytokine profiles, as well as hematological, hepatic, and renal functions. Out of the 5 isolates [lupeol (1), betulinic acid (2), Arjunolic acid (3), 3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) 3,3',4'-Tri-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-β-Dglucopyranoside…
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