Beta-cell specific Insr deletion promotes insulin hypersecretion and improves glucose tolerance prior to global insulin resistance
Abstract
Abstract Insulin receptor (Insr) protein can be found at higher levels in pancreatic β-cells than in most other tissues, but the consequences of β-cell insulin resistance remain enigmatic. Ins1 cre allele was used to delete Insr specifically in β-cells of both female and male mice. Experimental mice were compared to Ins1 cre -containing littermate controls at multiple ages and on multiple diets. RNA-seq of purified recombined β-cells revealed transcriptomic consequences of Insr loss, which differed between female and male mice. Action potential and calcium oscillation frequencies were increased in Insr knockout β- cells from female, but not male mice, whereas only male β Insr KO mice had reduced ATP-coupled oxygen consumption rate and reduced expression of genes involved in ATP synthesis. Female β Insr KO and β Insr HET mice exhibited elevated insulin release in perifusion experiments, during hyperglycemic clamps, and following i.p. glucose challenge. Deletion of Insr did not alter β-cell area up to 9 months of age, nor did it impair hyperglycemia-induced proliferation. Based on our data, we adapted a mathematical model to include β-cell insulin resistance, which predicted that β-cell Insr knockout would improve glucose tolerance depending on the degree of whole-body insulin resistance. Indeed, glucose tolerance was significantly improved in female β Insr KO and β Insr HET mice when compared to controls at 9, 21 and 39 weeks, and also in insulin-sensitive 4-week old males.…
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