Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: A rare but serious side effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an insulin-independent class of oral antihyperglycemic medication and from recently established therapy in chronic heart failure patients. A rare, but potentially life-threatening complication of SGLT2 inhibitor use is euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. We described a case of a middle-aged male patient with type 2 diabetes who developed metabolic ketoacidosis after a few days of empagliflozin administration. SGLT2 inhibitor related ketoacidosis presents with euglycemia or only modestly elevated glucose blood concentrations, which causes delayed detection and treatment of ketoacidosis. There are multiple possible risk factors and mechanism that might contribute to the pathogenesis of ketoacidosis. It is implied that SGLT2 inhibitor use and prescription by non-diabetologists (cardiologists, nephrologists, family physicians, etc.) will continue to grow in the future. It is important to inform the general cardiac public about this rare but serious side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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