Oxidative stress in bladder outlet obstruction: a narrative review
Abstract
Background and objective: Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) is a common urological disorder characterized by impaired urinary flow and elevated intravesical pressure, usually resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral stricture, or other obstructive pathologies. pBOO induces progressive bladder dysfunction (BD) through complex mechanisms, in which oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role. This review aims to systematically elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pBOO-induced BD, and summarize emerging therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative injury.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from October 1990 to April 2026. Key search terms included "Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction", "Reperfusion Injury", "Oxidative Stress", "Hypoxia", and "Reactive Oxygen Species". Articles were screened for relevance to oxidative mechanisms in pBOO. Supplementary studies on OS signaling pathways were incorporated to enrich the mechanistic discussion. The selected studies were summarized and analyzed. As this study was designed as a narrative rather than a systematic review, no PRISMA flow diagram, standardized risk-of-bias assessment, or hierarchical evidence grading was performed.
Key content and findings: pBOO triggers cyclic ischemia-reperfusion injury, leading to excessive ROS generation…
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