Metformin: multi-faceted protection against cancer
Abstract
Sonia Del Barco 1,2,* , Alejandro Vazquez-Martin 2,3,* , Sílvia Cufí 2,3 , Cristina Oliveras-Ferraros 2,3 , Joaquim Bosch-Barrera 1,2 , Jorge Joven 4 , Begoña Martin-Castillo 2,5 , Javier A. Menendez 2,3 1 Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona (Catalonia, Spain) 2 Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (Catalonia, Spain) 3 Unit of Translational Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona (Catalonia, Spain) 4 Centre de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigaciò Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Catalonia, Spain) 5 Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona (Catalonia, Spain) * Denotes equal contribution Received: December 19, 2011; Accepted: December 23, 2011; Published: December 24, 2011; Keywords: Diabetes, cancer, metformin, cancer stem cells, senescence Correspondence: Javier A. Menendez, email: // // Abstract The biguanide metformin, a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may exert cancer chemopreventive effects by suppressing the transformative and hyperproliferative processes that initiate carcinogenesis. Metformin’s molecular targets in cancer cells (e.g., mTOR, HER2) are similar to those currently being used for directed cancer therapy. However, metformin is nontoxic and might be extremely useful for enhancing treatment efficacy of mechanism-based and biologically targeted drugs. Here, we first revisit the epidemiological,…
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