Green approach for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from methanolic stem extract of Andrographis paniculata and evaluation of antidiabetic activity: In silico GSK-3β analysis
Abstract
Abstract In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were biosynthesized from methanolic stem extract of Andrographis paniculata (MEAP) and characterized physicochemically. ZnO-NPs were evaluated biologically for anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathy activities. A diabetic rat model generated by streptozotocin was used to test the anti-diabetic properties of ZnO-NPs. In diabetic rats, oral doses of MEAP and ZnO-NPs generated from MEAP were given once daily for 30 days at 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 1,200 mg·kg−1, respectively. Metformin, a common antidiabetic drug, was utilized as a control at a dosage of 250 mg·kg−1. The NPs mediated by MEAP were homogenous, stable, spherical, and tiny. MEAP-derived ZnO-NPs prevented weight loss while significantly (p < 0.05) lowering blood glucose levels in comparison to MEAP and, to a lesser extent, metformin. Furthermore, MEAP-mediated ZnO-NPs were found to have favorable effects on the lipid profile and diabetic nephropathy. The histopathological evaluation demonstrated the safety, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility of synthesized ZnO-NPs produced from MEAP. The hypoglycemic response to MEAP-derived ZnO-NPs was greater at 400 mg·kg−1·day−1 than it was at 200 and 100 mg·kg−1·day−1. Therefore, ZnO-NPs biosynthesized from MEAP exhibit more anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathy action than MEAP in this first experimental setting reported. Graphical abstract
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