Synergistic Amelioration of Endocrine Dysregulation by Vernonia amygdalina and Tamarindus indica in Letrozole and Diet-induced Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats
Abstract
Abstract Background Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterised by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis dysregulation. Current pharmacological treatments remain limited by incomplete efficacy and accessibility constraints, necessitating the investigation of multi-target botanical alternatives. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of Vernonia amygdalina water extract (VAWE) and Tamarindus indica methanol extract (TIME) on HPO axis hormonal parameters in a letrozole and high-fat high-fructose diet-induced PMOS rat model. Methods Forty-eight (48) female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6): normal control, PMOS untreated, positive control (metformin 10 mg/kg + clomiphene citrate 1 mg/kg), VAWE monotherapy (200 mg/kg), TIME monotherapy (400 mg/kg), low-dose combination (VAWE 100 mg/kg + TIME 200 mg/kg), high-dose combination (VAWE 200 mg/kg + TIME 400 mg/kg), and mid-dose combination (VAWE 200 mg/kg + TIME 200 mg/kg). PMOS was induced via letrozole (1 mg/kg) and HF-HFr diet for 21 days. All treatments were administered orally for 21 days. Serum hormones were quantified by ELISA. Estrous cyclicity was monitored by daily vaginal smear cytology. Results PMOS induction produced persistent diestrus by Day 12, elevated LH, increased LH/FSH ratio, hyperandrogenism, and significantly reduced progesterone. The mid-dose combination demonstrated the most comprehensive…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a preprint, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health. Reported size: 6 participants or records.
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