Cardiovascular and renal protection of patients with type 2 diabetes : focus after EMPA-REG OUTCOME and LEADER
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), often associated with arterial hypertension, represents a high risk of cardiovascular disease and nephropathy. Two clinical trials demonstrate the superiority versus a placebo of two antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2D and high cardiovascular risk : empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose type 2 (SGLT2) cotransporters, in EMPA-REG OUTCOME and liraglutide, an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors, in LEADER. Both medications showed a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events (-14 and -13 %, respectively), cardiovascular mortality (-38 and -22%), all-cause mortality (-32 and -15 %) and renal events (-39 et -22 %). The underlying protective mechanisms remain controverted. Ongoing studies should allow to decide whether the benefits are specific to each molecule or may be attributed to a class effect.
Le diabète de type 2 (DT2), souvent associé à une hypertension artérielle, expose à un risque élevé de cardiopathie et d’insuffisance rénale. Deux essais cliniques ont démontré la supériorité versus un placebo de deux médicaments antidiabétiques chez des patients DT2 à haut risque cardiovasculaire : l’empagliflozine, un inhibiteur sélectif des cotransporteurs sodium-glucose de type 2 (SGLT2), dans l’étude EMPA-REG OUTCOME et le liraglutide, un agoniste des récepteurs du glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), dans l’étude LEADER. Ces deux médicaments ont entraîné une réduction significative des événements cardiovasculaires majeurs…
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