Beyond glycemic control: Roles for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes has surged in recent years, with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) emerging as a major complication. Traditional therapies have had limited success in slowing progression to end-stage kidney disease. However, novel therapies, particularly sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which were initially developed for hyperglycemia management, have transformed the treatment of obesity, heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and more recently, DKD. SGLT2 inhibitors have consistently and significantly reduced cardiovascular events, albuminuria, and glomerular filtration rate, highlighting their efficacy across diverse clinical presentations for patients with kidney impairment. Although fewer studies have specifically investigated GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with kidney disease, existing evidence underscores their potential to slow renal disease progression, reduce albuminuria, and improve clinically relevant outcomes. However, further research is needed to better identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment. Together, these therapies represent valuable advancements for DKD, offering significant reductions in morbidity and mortality and shifting the management of the disease by becoming essential pillars for the treatment of these patients.
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