Cardiovascular outcomes and safety assessment of SGLT2i on heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and show promise in improving outcomes in heart failure patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the benefits and side effects of SGLT2i in heart failure patients with a reduced ejection fraction.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar with keywords such as "Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor," "Myocardial Infarction," and "Cardiovascular." Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving patients with heart failure. Primary outcomes were hospitalization due to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Secondary outcomes included discontinuation due to adverse effects, amputation, fractures, and urinary tract infections.
Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were included. The interventional group showed significantly lower hospitalizations (P = 0.00001) and cardiovascular deaths (P = 0.0008). Secondary outcomes, including adverse effects like amputation, fractures, and UTI, were not statistically significant across groups.
Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors, due to their natriuretic, cardio-metabolic, and vaso-modulatory effects, offer a promising role in reducing cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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