Health Implications of Microplastics in Drinking Water: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence
Abstract
This systematic review addresses the critical public health concern regarding the pervasive contamination of drinking water by microplastics (MPs). With global plastic production escalating, the degradation of waste into MPs has led to their ubiquity in freshwater sources. This review synthesizes recent findings on the occurrence of MPs in tap and bottled water and evaluates the associated toxicological risks to human health. Results indicate that humans ingest tens of thousands of particles annually, with drinking water being a significant vector. The review highlights that particles, particularly those in the nanoplastic range, can breach biological barriers, leading to bioaccumulation in secondary organs such as the liver and placenta. Toxicological impacts include oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disruption.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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