The development of point-of-use treatment technologies for the production of drinking water
Abstract
An estimated 884 million people worldwide lack access to drinking water from improved water sources. With the global population expected to reach eleven billion by the end of the 21st Century, stress on water and energy resources will be exacerbated. The development and implementation of innovative drinking water treatment technologies ensuring safe, sustainable drinking water provision is required. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop point-of-use [POU] water treatment technologies for the production of chemically and biologically safe drinking water. A proof-of-concept decentralised drinking water treatment systems [DWTS] investigated whether Drinking Water Inspectorate [DWI] standard drinking water could be produced by combining multi-step filtration processes, including ultrafiltration [UF] membrane columns, and low dosing of electrochemically activated solution [ECAS] dosing pre- and post UF column membrane (total 1% [v/v]). The ECAS dosing regimen produce DWI standard drinking water, whilst the treated water produced in throughout the control (no ECAS dosing) field trial was not biologically safe. Resulting from these trials, further investigations regarding the effect ECAS has on producing chemically (e.g. trihalomethanes [THMs]) and biologically safe water, as well as manage biofilm formation to minimise biofouling. THMs are regulated disinfection products [DBPs], and form through chlorine-based disinfectants reacting with organic matter. Comparing THM…
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