Investigation of transformation process of 1,3-diphenylguanidine in disinfection water treatment
Abstract
Tire wear products (TWPs) potentially pose risks to human health and the environment when introduced into surface water cycle. Among all TWPs, 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), a widely used vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry, has gained increasing attention recently with high concentrations identified in the environment. To compare and comprehend the disinfection process of DPG, this work investigates (1) the effects of multiple disinfection methods towards DPG; (2) the reaction kinetics of DPG during monochloramination; (3) toxicity and bioenergetics of DPG disinfection products based on in vitro experiments; (4) transformation products (TPs) of DPG during chlorination and monochloramination. It has been revealed that DPG is insensitive in regards of UV alone, and that UV has neglecting effect on promoting the effect of chlorine and monochloramine effectively when degrading DPG. Additionally, the reactivity of monochloramine is significantly slower compared to chlorination of DPG, with the maximum efficiency observed at pH 7 to pH 8. While chlorination effectively degrades DPG, this process leads to the formation of transformation products (TPs) like nitrosamines, notably nitroso-dimethylamine (NDMA). NDMA, a significant byproduct closely linked with vulcanization agents used in tire manufacturing, is known for its potential toxicity. In contrast, monochloramination can generally resulted in lower concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs),…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a thesis, done in cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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