Innovation process of amorphous cellulose - graphene oxide hybrid structure for water treatment in a shrimp farm
Abstract
Amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide bead composites are popularly employed in water purification. However, the existing fabrication methods of amorphous cellulose (AC) and amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide (ACGO) beads are complicated with many chemical use, multi-step, time and energy-consuming. In this research, we proposed an efficient method for fabricating amorphous cellulose-graphene oxide (ACGO) beads using less chemical under a simple 2-step approach. The production process of AC and ACGO beads was successfully fabricated via sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gelatinization and regeneration using eucalyptus paper as a raw material. The cellulose gel was droplet-extruded into deionized (DI) water and transformed into a solid bead via water regeneration. The semicrystalline eucalyptus cellulose was transformed into amorphous cellulose after the regeneration process. 2 mm in diameter of AC (white beads) and ACGO (light brown beads) quasi-sphere beads were obtained. The light brown colour suggested that graphene oxide (GO) was successfully embedded in AC bead. The embedding of GO in the AC was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Gelatinization and regeneration processes provide a simple and efficient method for producing AC and ACGO beads. In addition, the method was compared to previous solvent systems from two…
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