Deliverable 3.2. Maps of present ecosystem pressures (fishing, shipping, pollution and other)
Abstract
The goal of this deliverable is to assess availability of FAIR spatial data about human activity using global datasets, and to identify obstacles (knowledge gaps) to mapping their corresponding environmental pressures at the scale of the Atlantic Ocean basin to support ecosystem-based management. It also provides advice towards improving mapping based on machine learning/artificial intelligence (AI). WP1 & 7 identified the sectors affecting the marine environment, the pressures they create, and the ecological characteristics affected. Eighteen sectors, with 19 associated pressures that could impact 25 different ecosystem components were identified. In this deliverable, only the widely distributed sectors relevant across the whole ocean are considered: fishing, shipping, aquaculture, oil exploitation, telecommunications, scientific exploration and seabed minerals. Fishing intensity by main groups of fishing gears has been estimated by supervised classification of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. These approaches have been able to distinguish between fishing and routing activity of individual vessels, while assigning up to 7 main fishing gear types. These are aggregated here into pelagic and bottom fishing activities to match the grouping of ecosystem components in these two groups. AIS data is most useful in the high seas since in coastal areas, smaller vessels do not require AIS, except in some regions of Europe. At the Canary Current Sea CS pelagic fishing shows…
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