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Eco-Pharmacovigilance at the Water–Health Interface: Mechanistic Ecotoxicology for One Health in the Age of Mixtures

Leobardo Manuel Gómez‐Oliván

TecnoLógicas, 2026

Abstract

Medicines are designed to be biologically active in low doses, and their biological “afterlife” often continues beyond the patient and beyond the clinic. Pharmacovigilance was created to detect, assess, understand, and prevent adverse effects and other medicine-related problems in patients. Ecopharmacovigilance extends that vigilance to environmental compartments, where pharmaceuticals and their residues enter ecosystems through excretion, disposal, and effluent pathways. Looking through the lens of One Health, this is not a peripheral issue: the health of people, animals, and ecosystems is coupled through shared water, food, and environments.

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