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Development and Psychometric Validation of a Multidimensional Clinical Coding Quality Assessment Instrument in Casemix Systems

Puspita Ningsih K, Hartono H, Hafidha Hikmayani N

2026

Abstract

Introduction: : In casemix-based payment systems, clinical coding quality plays a critical role in determining data validity, reimbursement accuracy, and overall performance. Financial inefficiencies, skewed morbidity data, and claim denials might result from incorrect coding. However, the majority of studies pay little attention to thorough and context-specific evaluation, instead concentrating mostly on coding accuracy. Objective The purpose of this study was to use the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBG) as the empirical backdrop for the development and psychometric validation of a multidimensional instrument for evaluating clinical coding quality in casemix systems. Methods An instrument development strategy based on ICD-10, ICD-9-CM, WHO coding guidelines, national casemix requirements, and results from coding audits was used to conduct a methodological investigation. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (I-CVI, S-CVI) were used to evaluate the content validity. Cohen’s Kappa was used to assess inter-rater reliability, while Cronbach’s alpha with 95% confidence intervals was used to quantify internal consistency. JASP was used for data analysis. Results The instrument’s seven domains include reselection logic, coding accuracy, coding conformity, and documentation completeness. It had a very high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.982), a moderate to high level of inter-rater reliability, and a very high level of content validity…

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