Coding Metasurfaces with Coral-like Graphene for Thin and Strong Microwave Absorption
Abstract
Abstract To meet the demand for thinner and strong stealth skins, we developed a graphene coding metasurfaces on ceramic fiber cloth, integrating hybrid alcohol deposition, laser etching, and intelligent design. Methanol and ethanol pyrolysis yield products dominated by small molecules (C 1 ) and large molecules (C 2 and C 6 ), respectively, resulting in deposited carbon structure that exhibit highly textured graphene and turbostratic pyrolytic carbon. When the two carbon sources are mixed at a specific ratio, the carbon clusters grow synergistically into a coral-like graphene architecture. This morphology enhances laser absorption, enabling precise etching to restore the open-circuit state of the fiber for optimal wave transmission and yielding a tunable sheet resistance (50 − 300 Ω/sq). A convolutional neural network-assisted genetic algorithm optimizes the 2-bit coding states (three graphene resistances and a fully etched state) for the resistive coding metasurfaces. With a 3 mm dielectric composites, the graphene coding metasurfaces achieves 7.3 GHz effective absorption bandwidth ( ≤ − 15 dB, ≥ 96.8% absorption). Conformally integrated onto a wing, it delivers ≥ 10 dB radar cross section reduction. This multiscale integration strategy advances graphene-based materials for aerospace stealth.
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