Access and reimbursement of ambulatory cardiac monitoring across Europe
Abstract
Ambulatory cardiac monitoring (ACM) allows long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring to detect arrhythmias with different modalities, ranging from short-term Holter monitoring (up to 48 h) to long-term continuous patch ECG monitors (up to 14 days), external event recorders (up to 30 days), and implantable loop recorders (ILRs). Access and reimbursement for ACM across Europe are not well understood. We performed a systematic review and analysis to understand ACM reimbursement across Europe, including a review of the reimbursement systems in each country and a detailed inspection of clinical coding and provider reimbursement. Level of reimbursement is dependent on many factors, including clinical setting (inpatient, outpatient, and day case), hospital length of stay, diagnosis, complications/severity, geographical location, hospital type, and device model and manufacturer. In most countries, reimbursement is performed for the monitoring procedure itself, without considering the time extension of monitoring and the specific type of device used for monitoring. The monetary value of reimbursement varies by country for both ACM and ILR [for Holter from €17.49 to €939.78 and for ILR from €416.14 (provider reimbursement only) to €18,718 (provider reimbursement bundled with ILR device)]. Holter and ILR are universally reimbursed, but newer ACM technologies with extended duration of monitoring, including long-term continuous monitoring and event recorders, are not. Across Europe,…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Regulation of nucleolus assembly by non-coding RNA polymerase II transcripts
- For a Healthy Histone Code, a Little SUMO in the Tail Keeps the Acetyl Away
- Discovering a binary CTCF code with a little help from BORIS
- Article Commentary: Stabilizing the Code–-Methods to Preserve RNA Prove Their Worth
- Foreword to the Special Issue for the RINTC (The Implicit Seismic Risk of Code-Conforming Structures) Project
- Commentary: Promoting Health and Well-being in Pediatric Primary Care Settings: Using Health and Behavior Codes at Routine Well-child Visits
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.