The role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of migraine: from molecular insights to potential biomarkers
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as critical post-transcriptional regulators in migraine pathophysiology, yet their clinical translational potential remains incompletely defined. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in migraine, organizing findings around a "mechanism-biomarker-intervention" framework. Key findings include: (1) multiple miRNAs (e.g., miR-155, miR-34a-5p, miR-342-3p) are differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or serum of migraine patients, with expression patterns correlating with attack phase, chronicity, and treatment response to CGRP-targeted therapies; (2) the lncRNA NEAT1 regulates photophobic behavior via the miR-196a-5p/Trpm3 axis in preclinical models, though evidence derives exclusively from male mice-a significant limitation given the 3:1 female-to-male prevalence ratio of migraine; (3) recent studies have begun to provide direct evidence for circRNA involvement in migraine, including differential circRNA expression profiles in patient PBMCs and functional characterization of hsa_circ_0006168 in promoting central sensitization; and (4) lncRNAs PVT1 and MEG3 show differential expression between migraine with and without aura, suggesting subtype-specific biomarker potential. However, the field faces substantial challenges: most studies employ small, cross-sectional designs; biological matrices are inconsistently…
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