Current Advances of Treatments, Therapeutic Targets, Biomarkers, Novel Drugs, and Machine Learning for Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is an aggressive subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with insidious onset, early metastasis, and dismal prognosis. Conventional multimodal therapy achieves limited survival benefit, highlighting an urgent need for refined precision strategies. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in HSCC, covering epidemiological characteristics, imaging diagnosis, prognostic prediction, surgical and non-surgical treatment advances, as well as coding and non-coding therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and candidate drugs. It further introduces the application of multi-omics and machine learning in HSCC research, analyzes current challenges and future directions, and provides a theoretical reference for precise diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prognostic evaluation of HSCC.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a review, done in computer models (in silico), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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