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Towards a complete map of the human long non-coding RNA transcriptome

Barbara Uszczynska-Ratajczak, Julien Lagarde, A. Frankish, R. Guigó, Rory Johnson

Nature reviews genetics, 2018

669 citations

Abstract

Gene maps, or annotations, enable us to navigate the functional landscape of our genome. They are a resource upon which virtually all studies depend, from single-gene to genome-wide scales and from basic molecular biology to medical genetics. Yet present-day annotations suffer from trade-offs between quality and size, with serious but often unappreciated consequences for downstream studies. This is particularly true for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are poorly characterized compared to protein-coding genes. Long-read sequencing technologies promise to improve current annotations, paving the way towards a complete annotation of lncRNAs expressed throughout a human lifetime. Virtually all studies depend on annotations, maps of the genome that catalogue gene loci and the sequences of their transcripts. This Review discusses the state of currently available long non-coding RNA annotations and the impact of emerging technologies such as long-read sequencing.

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