Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Importance: Cognition is impaired in people with schizophrenia, affecting quality of life and functioning. Therefore, it is important to understand and characterize this impairment.
Objective: To update and revisit the evidence for a central processing speed impairment in people with schizophrenia and examine the factors that moderate this impairment.
Data sources: Articles were identified through the PubMed and PsycINFO databases from February 1, 2009, through November 2, 2023.
Study selection: Studies were included if they reported on a symbol coding test and at least 2 additional cognitive tests from 2 other cognitive domains, contrasted people with schizophrenia to controls, used contemporary diagnostic criteria, included sufficient detail to calculate Hedges g effect sizes, and were reported in English. Of 4530 identified articles, 115 studies met inclusion criteria.
Data extraction and synthesis: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines. Means, SDs, and sample sizes were extracted for all cognitive tests that appeared in at least 3 of the 115 studies. Data were entered and visually checked by independent extractors. Data were generally pooled using random-effects models, except when specified. Measures of homogeneity (Q and I2) and publication bias (fail-safe N and funnel plots) were also examined.
Main outcomes and measures:…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 10 participants or records.
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